Intellectual&cultural movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intellectual&cultural developments - Essay Example over the talks and scholarly messages of a specific time going outside the ability to grasp of their relevant gathering and starting points recuperating the authentic implications. It is sure that scholarly and social developments incorporate the flow of thoughts in nations, periods, and the transnational scholarly trades. In such manner, all types of the expressive idea, which incorporate religion, political contemplations, reasoning, common science, sociology and human expressions, are managed in like manner. The racial inclination and thinking in the Europe from the fifteenth century, the racial speculation inside the setting of the Western experiences with the Jews and non-European individuals. It is of worry that the connection to financial, political and monetary patterns, just as questions including the translation of Historical and writing, is of principal significance. As can be found from the historical backdrop of the rise of the Classicism and sentimentalism obviously ill ustrated, unmistakably the individuals who had faith in classism were guided by a conviction that reason is a commanding quality of nature and human instinct the two of which are administered by the fixed, and perpetual laws. Prominently, elegance has its foundations path back in eighteenth c. The individuals who announce this confidence hold that nature is an independent machine guided by laws, which can soundly be comprehended. Their worth depended on hand, clearness and equalization. They proposed that creative mind ought to be controlled by presence of mind and reason. The general standard depends on qualities, for example, human confinements, opposed change and human constraint. The essential sources unmistakably show that sentimentalism has its underlying foundations in the 1800c, with the defenders of this way of thinking putting accentuation on feelings, instincts, and upon a person. This conviction was guided by the act of reason over minds, social over the individual, and regular over independence. As indicated by the advocates of this way of thinking, creative mind gives

Hello And Goodbye Essay Research Paper Hello free essay sample

Hi And Goodbye Essay, Research Paper Hi and Goodbye In the book A Farewell to Arm there are a figure of subjects. The two boss subjects that are plainly brought up are love and war. Love is a word that seems like a decent clasp and being upbeat, war on the different manus is a word which alludes to awful occasions, misery and anguish. The book A Farewell to Arms follows a type of occasions where beneficial things occur and awful things occur, ever occurring after one another. The book starts with Frederic Henry, the main character, expressing of his situation functioning as an emergency vehicle driver in the Italian ground powers in World War I. Here he meets a delightful English medical caretaker name Catherine Barkley whom he plays around with and makes a muffle out of their relationship. This doesn t keep going long however for Henry is injured while on the occupation and is sent to an American hospital where Catherine works. We will compose a custom article test on Hi And Goodbye Essay Research Paper Hello or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when his injuries are recuperated the ground powers gives him some clasp off so he chooses to take it and go Europe with Catherine. At the point when he comes back from his excursion he gets together with his unit one time again where the get-together is fleeting. Italian military constabulary capture him for non being Italian. Henry get away however and gets together with Catherine. They choose to go to Switzerland where they intend to get hitched after their darling is conceived. At the point when Catherine starts giving birth however the doctor says her pelvic support is too much tight. He is compelled to execute a fruitless Cesarean region that leaves both Catherine and the angel dead. The refrain structure The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, has a subject that relates with A Farewell to Arms completely. When perusing the rubric altogether it for all intents and purposes says great occasions versus awful occasions. In both of these Hagiograp has there are images of both awful and beneficial things. Both other than have characters and verse s that reflect off one another. In A Farewell to Weaponries Rogoff 2 there are a figure of various components and structures which The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls other than has doing both of them extremely comparable. In the two bits of writing there are various occasions and expressions that speak to all kinds of challenges. One outline is in the refrain structure, The little moving edges, with their delicate, white guardianships,/Efface the footmarks in the littorals # 8230 ; .. ( line 8-9 ) . Here, there are little moving edges that are overall quite delicate. These moving edges are scarcely guiltless however for in the terminal these little moving edges are really slaughtering the innocuous footmarks. A comparative situation is appeared in the novel. Henry begins to look all starry eyed at Catherine and Catherine gets pregnant. This is a cheerful occasion, be that as it may, it does non remain this way for long. Henry and Catherine even consent to secure wedded, # 8230 ; .as in the blink of an eye as I m dainty again, which on a very basic level m ethods after she gives bir Thursday to the darling ( 294 ) . At the point when Catherine starts giving birth however the doctor see s inconveniences and says, There are two things. Either a high forceps bringing which can burst and be somewhat dangerous other than being perchance terrible for the child, and a Cesarean. ( 321 ) . They choose to go with the Cesarean which winds up doing the expire of both Catherine and the angel. Here is an ideal representation of the structure that beneficial things are trailed by terrible things. Another representation from the novel is when Henry comes back starting from the earliest stage. After a lovely excursion across Europe he comes back to his unit only to be captured soon after his arrival for non being a genuine Italian. Another beneficial thing happens after this however, he escapes from the Italians and reunites with Catherine. It s rather dry how both of these Hagiographas have numerous upbeat, great occasions which ever end in some deplorable way. There are a few grounds why both of these Hagiographas have components that mirror one another. They mirror each other in the way that one occasion happens that makes another occur. Cause and result essentially. In A Farewell to Arm there are a figure of times when Henry is off from Catherine. The reason for this differs, commonly they need to make with him Rogoff 3 being in the ground powers. The outcome of this is he ever comes back to Catherine. Practically like Catherine ever gets back to him and he returns. In the stanza structure The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls it is truly comparable. Each line and pair has a similar development of the reason and outcome build. In this line, Stamp and neigh, as the stableman calls, it says the stableman calls the Equus caballuss, the reason, and the Equus caballuss become disturbed and neigh, the outcome of the stableman naming ( line 12 ) . Another outline from the section structure says, The twenty-four hours returns, yet nevermore/Returns the voyager to the shore ( line 13-14 ) . Here the refrain structure arrangements about how when the twenty-four hours closes those in the H2O ever retreat to the shore just as Henry ever withdraws and comes back to Catherine. There are a wide range of expressions and articulations that identify with these Hagiographas. What goes up, most descend, What goes about comes to fruition, even a typical expression like Hello and Goodbye. All through the book Frederic Henry and Catherine were emblematically expressing hullo and goodbye to one another. The stanza structure other than has a reason and outcome way that is extremely like the book. In A Farewell to Arms Henry and Catherine perpetually would go forward one another thus rejoin. In the terminal however they should state goodbye everlastingly for Catherine went off. This last goodbye is the saddest however, Henry great neer see Catherine again, she resembled a holy messenger to him and he searched for counsel from her all the clasp.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Initiative - Essay Example Ordering the way of life of organization, it tends to be expressed that the way of life of the organization is Low Performance Culture. Elite Culture is where shared convictions, mentalities, activities and objectives endure while Low Performance Culture is inverse of it. The Mission Statement of GameStop Corporation expresses that the organization is less disposed towards High Performance Culture while the Vision Statement of the organization expresses its qualities for its workers, investors and so forth. Out of all these four sorts of hierarchical culture, the way of life of GameStop is a blend of Create and Compete. The organization consistently centers around tenderizing something new as the idea of the business is inventive and rivalry is extremely intense. In this manner, so as to stay up with its rivals, it needs to â€Å"Compete† by bringing something new through using â€Å"Create† culture. Our GameStop, EB Games and Electronics Boutique retail stores set us apart in the business. Everything that we offer our clients from our sweeping determination of new items, to our learned partners and our worth included used items is outfitted to convey consumer loyalty. We supplement our store connect with GameStop.com and EBgames.com, and distribute Game Informer, one of the industrys biggest course computer game magazines. The way of life of GameStop bolsters its Mission Statement however doesn’t bolster its Vision Statement. In Mission Statement, the organization has expressed about how client arranged it is, which is surely evident anyway in Vision Statement, it has expressed about responsibility and offering some benefit to its worker and investors which isn't the situation in real. The organization is profoundly client situated and representatives are coordinated to proceed according to the necessities and inclinations of clients. The way of life of the organization can be improved just when on the off chance that it adjusts its Vision Statement alongside its corporate culture.

Advantages and Disadvantages of International Aid - 275 Words

Advantages and Disadvantages of International Aid (Essay Sample) Content: Advantages and Disadvantages of International Aid NameInstitution Advantages and Disadvantages of International Aid Developing economies encounter multiple challenges including poverty, poor health standards, and low economic development. Lack of adequate resources limits the capacity of poor nations to achieve their socio-economic goals sufficiently. It is these vast differences in the socio-economic status between the third world and developed countries that have prompted the shove for foreign aid. With over 1.4 billion people globally experiencing absolute poverty and more than 15 million innocent children annually succumbing to starvation, international aid is a necessity (Ball Johnson, 2008).International aid provided by international organizations immensely contributes to socio-economic empowerment of low income countries. Provided in the form of monetary support, food, and medical care, international aid improves the living standards of recipient nations. Econ omically, third world countries heavily depend on the International Monetary Fund as their banker and creditor. The monetary supports and grants by the IMF and the World Bank to poor countries are fundamental in stimulating economic growth, as well as funding infrastructural projects in these countries (Easterly, 2006). Without international support, poor countries are likely to fall short of their millennium development goals. Although international aid plays a critical role in the fight against hunger and poverty in third world economies, it is criticized for fostering overdependence on donors. With the poor countries being at the mercy of international communities, donor countries take advantage to gain self benefits. Due to the vulnerability of the supported countries, donors end up imposing their ideologies and unfavorable policies on these countries. Many donor countries have ulterior motives for providing aids and humanitarian services purposely to exploit the resources of th ese poor nations (Ball Johnson, 2008). Therefore, the benefactors deny poor countries room for self-sufficiency and socio-economic independence. From the cost-benefit analysis of international aid, it is evidenced that although such aid weakens national so...

Based on True Events A Glance into the Nonfiction Novel Genre

â€Å"The best nonfiction recognizes the impossibility of perfect representation, the dream of the 1:1 ratio,† (Sharlett). What Jeff Sharlet means in this quote is that facts cannot be perfectly represented, regardless of any type of imagery or descriptions, so a good nonfiction work uses only what is needed to get the message across. Beginning in the 20th century, many nonfiction writers would even look towards fiction for the resources to describe what was considered impossible to describe (Taylor). One way writers have been able to do this is through nonfiction novels. A nonfiction novel is a narrative, of book-length, that unfolds actual events and actual people written in the style of a novel (â€Å"Nonfiction Novel†). This style of a novel implies that the book being spoken of can be looked at as art as well as fact (Sharlett). In the mid 1960’s, a nonfiction novel journey began, beginning with the narrative journalistic qualities of Truman Capote, continui ng with the story telling of such authors as Norman Mailer, and then continues to stay constant throughout present day literature with works like Katherine Boo’s display of immersion journalism. Truman Capote is said to have invented this new genre in 1966 with, what some call his finest work, the book In Cold Blood (â€Å"Truman Capote†). In Cold Blood details the 1959 murders of Herbert Clutter, his wife, and two of their children (Wikipedia). Even before the murderers were captured, Capote decided to travel to Kansas and writeShow MoreRelatedInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 PagesLiterary genres To interpret a literary work, one needs to know something about its genre. The distinctions between genres of literary works are flexible and loosely defined, often with subgroups. The most general genres in literature are (in a chronological order): epic, tragedy, comedy, novel, short story, and creative nonfiction. They can all be in the genres of prose or poetry, which shows best how loosely genres are defined. This correlation is shown in Fig. 1.1. Additionally, a genre such asRead MoreChinese Cinderella3586 Words   |  15 Pagesovershadow all other ac hievements? †¢ Why is it so difficult to move beyond childhood hurts? The pain felt by Adeline is acute and permeates almost every scene in the book. The story is, at times, a catalogue of one unhappy incident after another. Some events that display her anguish are particularly violent, cruel and senseless, as in the episode when her duck, PLT, is killed by the dog (p.94 onwards). Others show the power of cruel words to truly destroy the child’s own sense of self worth. Adeline isRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pageswas to become an important late twentieth-century genre, science as literature. On the New York Times bestseller list for eighty-six weeks, this volume earned Carson enough royalties to enable her to retire from government work and focus on the projects that most interested her. After completing the third and final volume of her biography of the sea, The Edge of the Sea, and a handful of smaller projects, Carson was pro mpted by a series of events to write the book that would make her one of the

Essay on Friendship for Women and for Men - 755 Words

While girl friends are sitting around fireplaces gossiping, sharing recipes and talking about the latest fashion trend, boys are exchanging opinions on the new administration and forming great friendship that may well impact the future of the whole country. History has witnessed some of the greatest friendship between men. As a result, their friendships have been idealized as the embodiment of bravery and loyalty. In comparison, those cozy nights girls spends wrapped in the bonding of sisterhood seems both trivia and naà ¯ve. Although these stereotypes about men’s or women’s friendship are not completely true, there is no doubt that significant differences exist between friendships among men and friendships among women. While sisterhoods are†¦show more content†¦Their friendship, similar to many among men, is based instead on mutual interest in adventure and the science of deduction. In a situation like this, men choose to be practical, and form relationship w here both parties would gain from their shared goal. After the bonds of friendship are formed, women would usually remain deeply committed to their friends. Emotional attachment is a unique part of sisterhood. A female friend might be the first to realize that the marriage of another is falling apart. And it might just happen that this same friend would have enough care and courage to suggest suing the abusive husband and moving on with life. On the whole, women care and notice a lot more of the physical wellbeing of their friends. They are linked in a way that when one heart throbs, the other feels it too. In contrast, the masculine value of society has made emotional closeness and compassion between men quite rare. Male friends usually spend their time in share activity or achieving a common goal than on self-revealing talks. From Dr. J. D. Block’s study of friendship in 1980, friendships among men can be sorted out into three categories: â€Å"activity friends†, su ch as weekly golf partners or fishing buddies; â€Å"convenience friends† as those in attorney-client relationships; and â€Å"mentor friends† generally forming between a younger and an older man. This may seem like a rigid way of categorizing friendship, itShow MoreRelatedNo Friendship Between Men And Women954 Words   |  4 Pagessay there can be no friendship between men and women and there could never be a possibility of such relationship. Judging from my own experience and life observations, I tend to believe that men and women never were meant to be friends due to their reproductive function and coupled nature. It does not definitively limit human purpose and spiritual growth to the act of copulation solely. However, it is against our nature to deny the opposite sex for some warm and loyal friendship. One cliche ´ hasRead More male and female relationships Essay592 Words   |  3 Pages Female vs. Male Friendships nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Male and female friendships are different and alike in many ways. They differ in how men and women can relate to each other both physically and emotionally. Men and women also differ in the communication aspect. In both friendships, there is a certain level of competitiveness, and the friends obviously will have the same interest in common. Friendships will differ from person to person because of the different personalities, but there willRead MoreMale Friendships : Female Friendships924 Words   |  4 PagesFemale vs Male Friendships Although friendships in general form for the same reasons of support and companionship, we are able to discern certain differences between male and female friendships. While one is more casual, the other is intimate and personal. Male friendships are laid-back, they have less drama and more fun. However, in most cases they lack communication because of prideful barriers. Male friendships tend to include team membership, jokes and insults, and three or more friendsRead MoreCross Sex Relationships Are Becoming Increasingly More Popular Than Ever Before961 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge in cross-sex friendships, men and women have complimenting communication styles and this is what makes cross-sex friendships so appealing as it grows to be more accepted (Schoonover, McEwan, 2014). In analyzing the benefits for both sexes, the most significant challenges, and the cultural or societal challenges, it can be concluded that while cross-sex friendships come with their own trials, it can be a very rewarding relationship. Who Benefits More Both men and women are able to reap theRead MoreOdd Couples By Anna Muraco1009 Words   |  5 PagesAnna Muraco interviews intersectional friendships between gay men and straight women as well as straight men and lesbian women. 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The literatureRead MoreWhy Gay Men and Straight Women Have Such Close Relationships860 Words   |  3 Pagesever-growing topic, one might wonder why gay men tend to have the closest relationships with straight women. Ellen DeGeneres’ once said, â€Å"every straight woman has a gay best friend by their side.† Why is this? I decided to read and write about an e xperiment that was done to answer the question of why gay men and straight women have such close relationships. The article’s title is, â€Å"Friend with Benefits, but Without the Sex: Straight Women and Gay men Exchange Trustworthy Mating Advice.† Previous

International Employment Relations

Question: Discuss about the International Employment Relations. Answer: Introduction: Employee relationship is one of the used terms that has become highly utilized in the relatively present years for indicating a specific area of the subject matter. Prior to employee relationships, the most commonly used term was the industrial relationships, but with the gradual expansion of the business in the international context, the concept has achieved a different shape. Seifert (2015) has stated that employee relationships enable the managers of the global organizations to adopt a broader canvas as well as to include the non-union and union scenarios and relationships. Apart from that, it encompasses the non-dominant service sector that in several urbanized nations now employs more than 70% of the entire work force. Moreover, this change in the composition of the labor force likes as more women working and more part-time along with temporary and fixed-term contracts (Zukauskas Vveinhardt, 2015). If focus is shed on Australian and United States, it can be said that both these countries believe that it is highly significant that the employees share a healthy relationships with each other at the workplace. Therefore, it is required to find out why the employee relationships are significant in the workplace. It can be seen that there are numerous issues on which an individual cannot take a decision alone and thus needs guidance as well as advices. Apart from that, it can be stated that works become easy enough, if it is shared among all, as a healthy relationship with the fellow workers in the workplace tends to ease the work load and in turn increase the productivity. Shields et al., (2015) has stated that the organization becomes one of the favorite and happy places to work if the employees work together as a family. It can be seen that an individual tends to lose their focus as well as concentration if the mind is always clouded with all the necessary tensions and stress (Dev onish, 2013). Moreover, it can be stated that an individual feels motivated enough in the corporation of others whom the individual can trust and fall back on whenever required. Luo, Wieseke and Homburg (2012) have stated that a healthy relationship tends to reduce relationships the issue of absenteeism at the place of work. However, it is necessary to mention that it is wise enough to share a warm relationship with the fellow workers, as one need know when one need them (Morris, 2012). Park (2015) has opined that there are several benefits of strong employment relationships and these have been mentioned here. It can be stated that strong employment relationships create a pleasant surroundings within the work atmosphere and this increases the employee motivation, which can be increased through enhanced employee morale. Creating the productive as well as pleasant work environment has a drastic effect on loyalty of the employees and this encourages a loyal workplace. It can be found out that when a working atmosphere is efficient enough as well as friendly; the extent of conflict within the workplace is condensed (Karami, Dolatabadi Rajaeepour, 2013). It can often be observed that less conflict among the employee results in employees being able to concentrate on the works at hand and thus, they are more productive. Presslee, Vance and Webb (2013) in their research paper has explained that achieving enough strong relationship among the employees is helpful, as this pr ovide the human resources of the organization with the proper image of success and ambition. In order to explain the concept, focusing on the useful theories is highly significant and thus it has been explained here in details. At first, systems theory comes to the mind, as this is an alternative approach of understanding, managing as well as planning the organizations. From this theory, it can be found that this systems theory holds those specific works that are governed by a wide range of formal as well as informal rules and regulations that cover several things like recruitment and selection, holidays, performance, wages, office hours along with an innumerable of other details of the recruits of the association (Samnani Singh, 2014). If the employees of a corporation are happy with all these above-mentioned components, they are expected to perform best in the organization. Sykes, Venkatesh and Johnson (2014) have stated that one of the significant aspects of this theory is that it conceives the industrial relation systems as self-adjusting towards equilibrium. After discussing this theory, the next theory that automatically comes to the mind is the Strategic choice theory, as this theory picks up the concepts of system theory and advances this theory by accommodating several contemporary changes practiced in the industrial or employee relationships. Ji et al., (2012) have stated that contingency theory is an integral part of the system theory and this puts forth the premise that the ideal structure and form of any system depends on the dynamics of its internal sub-systems. Therefore, it can be stated that the organizational structure can have far reaching effects on the relationships of the company with their employees and this makes the contingency theory very much relevant to employee engagements (Kaufmann, 2013). After this theory, it is required to shed light on strategic management theory and this theory promotes a proper and systematic approach to the strategy formulation that is deeply rooted in the mission, vision and the objectives of the corporation. This theory helps in understanding the importance of the employee relations in the organization, as the organizations thrive to gain high success through high employee performance (Abdullah et al., 2014). However, it is required to mention that there is a clear set of statutory national employment standards that are applicable to the employees at every level and these are followed in both Australia and the United States. Maximum working hours per week is 38 plus reasonable additional hours A proper right to ask question and have considered as well as flexible working arrangements Annual leave, which is generally of four weeks Long service leaves Public holidays (Asim, 2013) Notice of termination of the employment Redundancy payment Provision of a Fair Work Information Statement Unpaid parental leave that includes maternity, paternity as well as adoption leaves It can be seen that there are several ways to provide the employees with both formal and informal rewards along with recognition system. Initially, it can be seen that whenever the university funds get expanded for reading the employees other than the salary system, fringe benefits tax (FBT) are required to be taken into consideration. It can be seen that the financial services can advise on the FBT implications of such these events. However, there are some important informal recognition systems for the employees in both Australia and the United States (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). In both the countries, they post a thank you note on the team members office doors Directors prefer to call the employee to thank him or her for the job that is well done In many cases, the employees make a thank you card by hand The company arranges lunch outings for the whole group, but most of the times everyone in the organization pays their own way event They share verbal accolades and focus on forwarding voice mail massages that compliment the works of the team (Yun, 2012) The human resources and the senior managers recognize an individuals accomplishments in front of the peers The human resources asks the managers to attend the meeting with the well-performed employees during which the managers can sincerely thank that individuals and their contributions to the organization (Yun, 2012) All the companies try to build a good relationship with the employees, so that they feel comfortable enough with the organization and provide their best efforts that would contribute to the highest organizational growth. However, there are some formal awards as well and these are followed in both Australia and the United States. They devise a peer nomination scheme and there the high performed employees are encouraged enough to nominate their peers for recognition Make a calendar for displaying and posting named the celebration calendar to motivate and encourage the employees Name a continuing recognition award after an outstanding employees Arrange movie tickets Inscribe favorite books as gifts Purchase favorite flowers or plants to the employees with proper message Provide some gift vouchers that can be used at the local departmental stores and this motivates the employees to perform best in the organizations Sometimes, the company paid subscription to a professional magazine or the newsletter Moreover, arranging a paid leave is one of the formal rewards that tends to encourage the employees in both these nations However, it can be stated that focus is always given on positive employee relations and it can be found that employee reward systems have been around the decades in different parts of the globe. It can be seen that employee reward systems are essential, as this is helpful in retaining the top employees. Besides reward system, training of the employees is another major important theme that would be discussed here from both the business and workers perspectives. Jehanzeb and Bashir (2013) have stated that skilling the employees are good for the business and this is good for the workforce. It can be said that training can enhance the business performance along with profit and morale of the staffs. These advantages to the business take into account the followings: Training the employees help the organization to select what new skills the workplace can significantly gain that meets the operation of the business both in the present and future time Training the employees can significantly result in better customer service, better work safety practices as well as productivity enhancements Through training, the management team of the company demonstrates that they value the employees enough to invest in them. This enhances the loyalty and staff retention in the company as well. In turn, employee retention saves the companys sustainability. Training the employees is good for the workers as well and these have mentioned here in details as well: Through training, the employees acquire new skills after training and this tends to contribute to the business and helps in building self-esteem Trough training, the employees are up-skilled to do new as well as different tasks that keeps them motivated and enough fresh Because the employees are being trained on time, they see that they value them enough to invest in them. Yun (2012) has said that a good company is seen as one that retains rather than churns Asim (2013) has opined that training the employees at present is a vital piece that largely determines where the company would be successful in the long-run or not. It can be seen that the companies in the United States think training as an investment in the future for the business. If they are trained properly and perform in a way that grows the business, ultimately they would also be successful. In the United States, technical training is highly important that means to teach the employees with the new technological innovations for enhancing the employee performance. Quality training is the other major training type used largely in the United States and this refers to familiarizing employees with the means of preventing, detecting as well as eliminating all the non-quality items. On the other hand to The United States, in Australia, the companies focus on skills training, professional training along with the legal trainings (Sykes, Venkatesh Johnson, 2014). Kaufmann (2013) has said that team training is another important training that are provided to the students for enhancing their performance, so that they keep close track with all the workplace innovations. Based on the nature of the job, the employees are provided safety training like eye safety, first aid, food service safety, hearing safety, asbestos, hazmat safety, construction safety and some more. At the end, it can be stated that employment is contractual at its base and this applies to an employee functioning under a collective industrial agreement as much as for the staffs or the responsible senior manager. References Abdullah, N. H., Ping, L. L., Wahab, E., Shamsuddin, A. (2014, September). Perception on training and employee innovativeness: An evidence from small firms. InManagement of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 76-80). IEEE. Asim, M. (2013). Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with effect of training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,3(9), 1-9. Devonish, D. (2013). Workplace bullying, employee performance and behaviors: The mediating role of psychological well-being.Employee Relations,35(6), 630-647. Jehanzeb, K., Bashir, N. A. (2013). 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